Effect of internal hydrogen on very high cycle fatigue of precipitation-strengthened steel SUH660

The fatigue life of SUH660 steel is dominated by crack initiation in the region of very high cycle fatigue owing to the new crack initiation behavior near the tip of temporarily arrested crack. The effect of internal hydrogen on very high cycle fatigue life is investigated focused on crack initiation life via fatigue and Vickers hardness tests. Hydrogen inhibits cracks initiation, and accelerates the increase in crack initiation lives with decreasing stress in low and medium hardness zones. Hydrogen increases the hardness in low and medium hardness zones. Hydrogen extends new crack initiation lives and causes longer very high cycle fatigue life.     

Rheological and textural properties of lafun,a stiff dough,from improved cassava varieties

We studied the textural and rheological (viscoelastic) properties of fresh lafun dough, a fermented cassava product, and their changes during storage at 45 °C for 5 and 24 h, in order to determine after-cooking storability. Lafun flours were produced from three types of cassava varieties: seven improved white-fleshed varieties, seven improved provitamin A carotenoids (pVAC) varieties and two local white-fleshed varieties; and processed into lafun doughs. Pasting properties of the flours were assessed. Flours from local varieties had pasting profiles with highest viscosities, while pVAC flours had the lowest. The three types of cassava varieties varied significantly in most of their pasting properties. Four promising improved varieties were identified, based on high peak viscosity (55.8–61.5 P) and stiffer texture than local varieties during storage. Undesirable varieties were also found, which softened during storage instead of hardening. Optimum texture of lafun dough was obtained after 5 h of storage.     

Characterization of biogenic hydroxyapatite derived from animal bones for biomedical applications

In this work, the viability of producing biogenic hydroxyapatite from bio-waste animal bones, namely bovine (cow), caprine (goat) and galline (chicken), through a heat treatment process has been investigated. The animal bones were locally sourced, cleaned to remove collagen and subsequently heat treated in air atmosphere at different temperatures ranging from 600?°C to 1000?°C. From the range of sintering temperatures investigated, it was found that hydroxyapatite derived from bovine bone showed good thermal stability while those produced from caprine and galline bones exhibited phase instability with traces of tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) being detected after heat treatment beyond 700?°C. The porous nature of the bone samples can be observed from the microstructures obtained and supported by low relative density. Heating the bovine and caprine bones at selected temperatures yielded porous HA body, having hardness values that are comparable with human cortical bone. However, the sintered galline bone sample showed higher porosity levels and low hardness when compared to the other two bone types.     

回火工艺对1Cr17Ni2不锈钢锻后回火硬度的影响

采用正交试验等研究了回火温度、回火时间、回火次数及冷却方式对1Cr17Ni2不锈钢锻后回火硬度的影响。结果表明,本试验中在回火温度630~730 ℃,回火时间120~360 min,回火1~3次以及冷却方式分别为空冷、堆冷、砂冷的条件下,对1Cr17Ni2钢锻后回火硬度影响因素的主次排序为:回火次数＞回火温度＞回火时间＞冷却方式,其中随着回火次数增加,硬度逐步下降,其余参数在试验参数范围内与硬度无明显正相关关系。在保温时间为240 min时,将回火温度升高至720 ℃,或在680 ℃下,将保温时间延长至720 min,进行一次回火,回火后空冷,硬度均高于3.5 HBS。在加热温度为680 ℃、回火时间为180~210 min,回火后空冷,回火3次可将硬度降低至3.6 HBS以下。     

激光淬火对高速动车组EA4T车轴钢组织和性能的影响

为提高EA4T车轴钢的表面硬度和耐磨性能,采用激光淬火对调质态车轴进行表面改性。利用扫描电镜、显微硬度计、纳米压痕仪等对激光淬火层的微观组织、相变层深度和硬度进行了详细的表征。结果表明:EA4T车轴钢表面经过不同工艺激光淬火后,相变层内的淬火组织主要由细小的板条马氏体和粒状贝氏体组成,其深度根据工艺不同从100 μm到800 μm不等,并呈现随淬火功率的增加和扫描速度减小,相变层深度逐渐增加的趋势。淬火相变层区域内,车轴钢的显微硬度基本保持在450 HV0.2左右,约为基体硬度的2倍,耐磨性显著提高。由于淬火道次之间搭接的原因,淬火层呈现波形分布,其中波谷马氏体含量高于波峰位置,因此其硬度明显高于波峰处。     

Synthesis and performance of TiB2–B4C composites by high pressure of TiC–B mixture

TiB₂–B₄C composites were in situ synthesized and consolidated by high pressure synthesis method from a mixture of TiC and B powders at the pressure and temperature of 5.0 GPa and 1500℃-1900℃. The phase composition, microstructure, density, hardness, thermal conductivity, and electrical resistivity of TiB₂–B₄C composites were analyzed. As the increase in the synthesis temperature, the products were TiB₂ and B₄C phases and that crystallinity improved. TiB₂–B₄C composites were dense without obvious pores. TiB₂–B₄C composites synthesized at 1800℃ obtained the optimized performance, including the relative density of 98.2%, the Vickers hardness of 31.7 ± 1.2 GPa with the load of 9.8 N, the thermal conductivity of 30.3 ± 0.7 W/(m K), and the electrical resistivity of 3.3 × 10⁻³ Ω cm, respectively. The grain size of the TiB₂–B₄C composites changed with the increase in synthesis temperature, leading to the changes in hardness, thermal conductivity, and electrical resistivity.     

基于广义逆矩阵理论的杆系结构形态创构方法#br#

广义逆矩阵理论被广泛应用于不稳定结构的形态分析。不稳定结构在荷载作用下，其形状会发生变化直至其势能达到最低，此时的结构处于无弯矩的平衡状态。根据该原理并结合广义逆矩阵理论提出一种适用于杆系结构的形态创构方法。该方法将杆系模型中杆单元进行分组，在每一组中杆单元总长度不变的条件下，建立控制结构形状变化的移形方程。利用广义逆矩阵理论和势能梯度确定使模型势能下降最快的方向，并逐步调整节点位置直至势能达到最低。临时单元和单元组的引入使得该方法可以应用于多种形式结构的形态创构，合理地设置单元组和临时单元可以实现单元长度与单元内力的重新分配进而实现诸多功能。算例分析说明该方法的特性并验证其有效性。     

纳米晶NiCrC涂层长时加热的显微组织和硬度变化

目的 探讨纳米晶NiCrC涂层长时高温条件下的显微组织和硬度演变规律。方法 采用超音速火焰（HVAF）喷涂低温球磨纳米晶合金粉末（液氮介质）制备了纳米晶NiCrC涂层，在650 ℃空气环境中对涂层进行总时长200 h的等温热处理。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、维氏显微硬度计等方法，对涂层样品的显微组织、物相构成、晶粒尺寸和显微硬度进行了测试分析，同时对原料粉末也进行了相同条件下的对比分析。结果 NiCrC涂层显微组织的主要特征为：纳米晶金属相基体中弥散分布着细小的碳化物颗粒。在保温过程中，纳米晶涂层发生了再结晶和晶粒长大，并伴随有合金基体的脱溶及碳化物的析出、相变和后续生长等现象。该涂层显示出优良的高温热稳定性，在650 ℃保温50 h后，晶粒平均尺寸由初始态的41 nm增长至相对稳定值约100 nm。保温后涂层的硬度总体有所提升，由初始的697HV300（15 s）先升高至最大值801HV300（15 s），而后降至相对稳定值729HV300（15 s）左右。纳米晶粉末的组织和硬度变化特点与涂层相似。结论 在650 ℃保温过程中，纳米晶NiCrC涂层中的合金相脱溶和晶粒长大导致涂层金属相基体的软化，但细小碳化物颗粒的析出强化以及由相变（Cr7C3→Cr23C6）引起的体积分数增加，不但补偿了基体的软化，而且使涂层的整体硬度有所提高。     

时效处理对高频感应熔覆TiC/Ni复合涂层的组织及性能影响

为了改善抽油杆材料的表面性能,采用高频感应熔覆技术在其表面制备了TiC/Ni复合涂层。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了涂层经固溶及不同时间时效处理后的显微组织及物相组成,并利用显微硬度计及摩擦磨损实验测试了时效后涂层的性能变化。结果表明:经固溶时效后的涂层并未出现明显缺陷,涂层主要以γ-Ni固溶体、Ni的化合物、CrB、碳化物以及δ相等硬质颗粒组成;时效后涂层的最大硬度达到928.2 HV0.2,相比时效前提高了4%,最低磨损量为48.9 mg,比基材减少了62%,在时效4 h后,涂层的综合性能最好。     

In situ reaction and solid solution induced hardening in (Ti,Zr)B2-(Zr,Ti)C composites

(Ti,Zr)B₂ - (Zr,Ti)C ceramics were synthesized by reactive hot-pressing and solid solution coupling effect using ZrB₂ and TiC powders as starting materials. Effects of sintering temperature on phase relations, microstructure and mechanical properties were reported. The equimolar ZrB₂ and TiC reactants ensured a complete in situ reaction to form (Ti,Zr)B₂ and (Zr,Ti)C solid solutions. The (Ti,Zr)B₂ - (Zr,Ti)C composite sintered at 1750°C was fully densified, and exhibited a high hardness of 29.1 GPa due to fine-grain hardening and solid solution hardening. The optimized comprehensive mechanical properties such as a hardness of 27.9 GPa, a strength of 705 MPa and an indentation fracture toughness of 5.3 MPa m^1/2 were achieved in (Ti,Zr)B₂ - (Zr,Ti)C composites sintered at 1800°C for 1 hour.